Research Study Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Research Study - Assignment Example It was found that segmentation depends on a number of factors ranging from age, sexual orientation, education to even age. The benefits also spread far and wide from helping in identification of the most and least profitable customers, enabling grouping of consumers by factors like type and size of organization, category and lifestyle of consumers, geographical location, attitudes and behavior, enhancing customer service, helping a business build loyal relationships and so forth. Successful segmentation research, it was found, minimizes the number of segments only giving rise to a small number of big segments. Good research will enable classification of these groups through economic data and other essential information on how these segments change and develop over time. Both Bloomindale and Nordstrom offer high quality products and services though Nordstrom also serves customers of more modest means. Nordstrom Inc. is an upmarket American fashion department store, founded by Carl F. Wallin and John W. Nordstrom currently having its headquarters in Washington’s Seattle. Shoe retail was the company’s beginning and has since grown their catalog to incorporate cosmetics, clothing fragrances, accessories, jewelry and handbags. Some select Nordstrom stores also stock home furnishing and wedding sections. Asof March 16, 2012 it had 225 stores in the United States stores situated in 30 states. There about 245 stores effective in 35 states, which include about 140 Nordstrom Racks and approximately117 Full-Line stores. As of the year 2012, it is the 5th largest department store company in the U.S. by retail sales and the thirty-fourth largest Store in the US in 2013 in terms of revenue. Presently, Nordstrom has distribution centers in, Maryland, California, Oregon, Gainesville, Iowa, Ontario, Upper Marlboro, Dubuque, Florida and Portland (Businessweek.com.

Higher education Essay Example for Free

Higher education Essay In â€Å"Some Lessons from the Assembly Line† Andrew Braaksma writes about his experiences working for factories during his summer breaks and his education. His experiences let him realizes that he works so hard and get little pay. It’s totally different from his college life. So he appreciates his education. I agree with what Andrew Braaksma says about how college life is different from the â€Å"real world†. Have you already prepared to the real world? Andrew Braaksma is a college student. He compares and contrasts two aspects of his life: working at assembly line as a blue-collar during summer vacations and being a college student. He worked in the factories surrounding his hometown for two reasons: got overtime pay and saved money because lived at home is cheaper than campus.â€Å"Aftera particularly exhausting string of 12-hour days at a plastics factory,† Andrew Braaksma, as college student who has never been out in the real world, realized that college was better than the work he was doing. His life in college was relatively easy: he slept late; he was able to spend time studying. He also had time to relax with his friends. So he couldn’t wait for school to start again. I feel the same way with Andrew Braaksma. I couldn’t imagine my life in the real work before I graduated from college. During I went to college in 80’s in China, I wish I can get a job as soon as possible. While I was working at a TV factory as engineer,I saw many younger workers who worked there 16 hours a day for many years had no holiday and vacation because they had no education, and some didn’t finish high school. It was also very stressful for theworkers because they knew their job could disappear overnight for outsources. It’s really a dog eat dog world. Working in the assembly line caused Andrew to reflect on how fortunate he really was. This helped him appreciated his education. Those people without a proper education are often forced to take unstable and low pay jobs in order to support themselves and their families. However, poverty and backwardness of my hometown let me want to change lives through higher education. I realize that my education is more important when it comes to searching for a job for a long period of time.

Analysis of Classical Economist Theories

Analysis of Classical Economist Theories Yashwardhan Banthia â€Å"Do the classical economists constitute a coherent school of thought in the history of economics, or are they rather a loose grouping of writers whose differences are more salient than what they have in common?† Abstract This paper will discuss the analysis of capital accumulation, income distribution and technological progress expounded by major classical economists, David Ricardo, Adam Smith and Karl Marx. Detailed arguments on Smith’s views on division of labor, Ricardo’s investigation of using the labor theory to replace machines and Marx’s theories of capitalism and his version of Ricardo’s analysis will be explained. It will finally be concluded that classical economists constitute a coherent school of thought, whose philosophies are more similar than different. Introduction The classical school of thought has always placed a great amount of emphasis on the analysis of economic growth. The question asks the reader whether the theories and philosophies of the classical writers were logical and consistent with regard to the economic behavior, or if they were simply writers whose ideas were rather dissimilar to that of their compatriots. The paper would critically discuss the ideologies and theories implemented by classical economists, with particular focus on the effect of the various forms of technological change that have major insinuations on the income distribution amongst rent, wages and profits. The components of this paper are as follows: Section 2 highlights Adam Smith’s approach to this issue of technological change where the argument pivots around his views on division of labor and its components. Section 3 reviews David Ricardo’s definition of the labor theory of value and his response to technical change which would feature chapter XXXI, â€Å"On Machinery†, which is newly added as seen in the third edition of the Principles. Section 4 studies the views of Karl Marx, where his hypothesis on the â€Å"organic composition of capital† is examined closely in relation to the theory proposed by Ricardo. The sections are not just limited to these specific writers, other classical economists are discussed in the capacity of the aforesaid philosophies as and where applicable. Following this is a final section that concludes. Adam Smith – Division of labor At the very beginning of The Wealth of Nations, Smith, in his â€Å"Introduction and Plan of Work† maintains that a nation’s social product (taking into account the social product minus the workers’ consumption) is measured by â€Å"the skill, dexterity, and judgment with which the labor is generally applied†. A primitive feature of his study, Smith considers an investigation of the reasons due to which the productivity of workers would increase (Smith, WN I.3-4). Smith’s perception of the concept of division of labor was extremely wide; it covered many characteristics and varying forms of technological change. Principally although, Smith accredited the division of labor to the influence of three essential elements that led to an increase in productivity. Firstly, specialization helped workers hone their skills and become defter as a result. Secondly, a lot time is saved as there is no shift from one activity to another and there is better utilization of resources. Lastly, arduous and complex labor processes would be replaced by powerful machines through innovation, i.e., replacing labor with machines. A careful study of Smith’s analysis of division of labor further clarifies Smith’s ideas as can be seen in the first three chapters of the first book of The Wealth of Nations. In chapter one for instance, Smith distinctly conveys how effective a device, division of labor is in terms of increasing productivity. He then goes on to say in chapter two, that it is a natural human tendency â€Å"to truck, barter and exchange one thing for another†, which appear to be entrenched in â€Å"faculties of reason and speech†, which further provides justification to division of labor (Smith, WN I.ii.1-2). The argument is then completed in chapter three where Smith emphasizes the fact that the market limits the division of labor: a larger division of labor is generated by a larger market and thus, larger productivity is generated between firms as a result. While the markets are expanded by accumulation of capital, Smith’s study emphasizes on the determinants of th e latter. Consequently, there has been a lot of debate on whether Smith’s views on division of labor, income distribution and his analysis of accumulation were ‘consistent’. I believe that technological progress was not viewed by Smith as boon, which was indisputably valuable to all classes of society. However, sections three and four would discuss Ricardo and Marx, and their views and criticisms on elements of Smith’s theories. David Ricardo – Labor theory of value and technological changes Before we discuss Ricardo’s views on the implications of technological change and its effects on income distribution and capital accumulation, his â€Å"fundamental law of income distribution† must first be defined; an inverse correlation between wages and the general rate of profit. He said that the rate of profits would be smaller if a large proportion of what the labor produces is given to him and vice-versa (Ricardo, Works VIII: 194). He was certain of the fact that technological change was an integral component in terms of the developing the modern society and that different effects would be experienced as a result of different forms of change. He was the first economist to have officially defined labor theory of value and thus, his work was considered to be the turning point in the history of the classical school of thought. This is because he reflected upon numerous scenarios in order to arrive at a broad range of consequences that could be an aftermath of technological change. He argued on one particular case regarding a production unit that was completely automated and rightly pointed out that in a case where all the work is done by machinery, there will be no demand for labor. Furthermore, he discussed that nobody despite capitalists would be able to consume commodities or even buy or rent a machine. (Ricardo, Works VIII: 399-400). Surprisingly, the most important technological change commonly associated with Ricardo is however, the problem of â€Å"machinery†. He further went on to assert that the introduction of new machines into the system of production can finally lead a redundancy of workers. This was later defined as â€Å"technological unemployment† Following this, Ricardo withdraws his previous views on machinery in his third edition of the Principles, 1821, in which he states that â€Å"the application of machinery to any branch of production, as should have the effect of saving labor, was a general good, accompanied only with that portion of inconvenience which in most cases attends the removal of capital and labor from one employment to another† (Ricardo, Works I: 386). Ricardo was however convinced that Say’s law, could not in every case, avert the redundancy of workers (Ricardo, Works I: 290). He the rightly corrected himself by stating that he was convinced that using machinery in place of labor was â€Å"injurious† to the interests of the labors.(Ricardo, Works I: 388). On the contrary, I strongly support his idea that it is possible without reducing profits, that advanced and improved machines reduced the amount of labor required for production purposes. Labor productivity would increase however as the machines decrease â€Å"the sacrifice of labor† (Ricardo, Works IV: 397). However, on a final note on Ricardo, it must be mentioned that Ricardo, as a classical economist had a very deep understanding regarding of labor theory of value. Marx’s version of this idea would be discussed next. Karl Marx – Capitalism and labor theory of value Marx adopted Ricardo’s labor theory of value and inculcated some changes of his own. He extended Ricardo’s theory by defining value to be the product of â€Å"all socially expended labor† which was needed, thus suggesting that apart from direct labor, labor used by to create the product was likewise factored into value. Marx reserved special praise for Ricardo’s â€Å"scientific impartiality and love of truth† (Marx 1954: 412) and the â€Å"honesty which so essentially distinguishes him from vulgar economists† (Marx 1969: 555). On closer inspection, it can be observed in Marx’s volume III of Capital, part three specifically, where he appraises Ricardo’s views on effects of technological change and the labor theory. In such a way, this problem of technological change was Marx’s attention of focus of attention in his scrutiny of capitalism. However, Marx insisted that this problem must be examined regularly within the framework of a â€Å"circular flow of production† as he had established in his second volume of Capital. Furthermore, Marx view was that every stage and line of production required â€Å"constant capital†. The important underlying implication is that maximum level of profit in such a system would be finite. These levels of profit would be determined by what Marx coined as â€Å"the organic composition of capital† and would have an upper limit. His study led him to the conclusion that if this â€Å"organic composition of capital† falls (rises) during the time period where there is capital accumulation and changes in technology whilst assuming that wages remain constant, then, it must follow that that the actual rate of profit will fall. As a reader, I am almost compelled to think that Ricardo’s views and ideas have had a strong impact on Marx, as is exhibited by his statements. Likewise, Marx inspected Ricardo’s theories with utmost care, correcting the latter’s theories in some cases, but most evidently absorbing what he reflected to be thorough into his framework. For instance, Marx asserted that when the organic composition of capital rises, it is inevitably the case that the general rate of profits may fall given the fact that the surplus value would be constant, which is contrary to Ricardo’s principle. Another such example could be Marx’s â€Å"relative over-population† theory (Marx 1959: 249-251) or a â€Å"reserve army of the unemployed†. Marx proclaims that the redundant workers cannot be expected to be hired back by factories that utilize machines because of the labor saving trait of the machines. A downward pressure is thus exerted by this reserve army. To Marx and capitalism, what mattered is not â€Å"saving in living labor in general†, however â€Å"a saving in the paid portion of living labor† (Marx 1959:262). The evidence is unmistakable; I believe that it serves to show how intricately close the writings of Ricardo and Marx were: also the fact that Marx was coherent in exhibiting his theories, and comprehensive in portraying his thoughts which has served its purpose in the history of economic thought. Conclusion This essay shows how major classical economists consist of a coherent school of thought through their philosophies and theories that still continue to serve as a basis on which more modern models and theories have been established. This paper shows how major classical economists tackled the issue of technological change that contributed to the growth of a capitalist economy. The three economists, namely Smith, Ricardo and Marx place a lot of attention on the impact of accumulation of capital and technological change on profits. It is interesting to note that although they arrive at a conclusion that the general rate of profit would fall, their arguments which back up that claim differs in important characteristics. The essay is however limited to evaluating a hypothetical situation of one-good economies that are not well suited to examine the intricacies at hand. Nevertheless, it is distinctive that all these writers have, in their own capacities, contributed to explaining the dynamisms of a capitalist economy and the need to increase labor productivity. The argument can be concluded by supporting the claim that these writers constituted of a coherent school of thought whose theories and ideas were more similar to each other and it isn’t the case that their differences were more noticeable than what they had in common. Bibliography and references Bhaduri, A. and Harris, D.1987. The complex dynamics of the simple Ricardian system. Quarterly Journal of Economics102,893–902. Dmitriev, V.K. 1974. Economic Essays on Value, Competition and Utility, English translation of a collection of Dmitriev’s essays published in 1904 in Russion, edited by M.D. Nuti, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. (Originally published in 1898) Eltis, W. 1984. The Classical Theory of Economic Growth, London: Macmillan Garegnani, P. 1987. â€Å"Surplus Approach to Value and Distribution†, The New Palgrave. A Dictionary of Economics, edited by J. Eatwell, M. Milgate and P. Newman, vol. 4, London: Macmillan, pp. 560-74. Glyn, A.2006. Will Marx be proved right?Oxonomics1,13–6. Hicks, J. 1969. A Theory of Economic History, Oxford: Claerendon Marx, K. 1954. Capital, vol. I, Moscow: Progress Publishers. Marx, K. 1959. Capital, vol. II, Moscow: Progress Publishers Marx, K. 1969. Theories of Surplus Value, vol. 2, Moscow: Progress Publishers. Marx, K. 1971. Theories of Surplus Value, vol. 3, Moscow: Progress Publishers. Ricardo, D. 1951-73. The Works and Correspondence of David Ricardo, 11 volumes, edited by Piero Sraffa with the collaboration of Maurice H. Dobb, Cambridge: Cambridge University press. In the essay his volumes are referred as Works, volume number: page number. Schefold, B. 1976. â€Å"Different Forms of Technical Progress†, Economic Journal, 86: 806-19 Smith, A. 1976. An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations, two vols. In The Glasgow Edition of the Works and Correspondence of Adam Smith, Ed. R. H. Campbell and A. S. Skinner, Oxford: Oxford University Press. Stigler, G.1958. Ricardo and the 93% labor theory of value.American Economic Review 48,357–67. Sweezy, P.1942.The Theory of Capitalist Development.New York:Monthly Review Press. 1

last words of Christ Essay -- essays research papers

JESUS LAST WORDS ON THE CROSS The seven last words of Jesus on the cross demonstrate both his humanity and his divinity, and capture the last moment Jesus went through to gain our forgiveness. 1. Father forgive them, for they know not what they do: (Luke 23:34) Forgiveness for those who arrested condemned and executed Jesus†¦but also forgiveness those who drove the nails into the hands of Jesus, and those who mocked him. It is amazing to see the boundless mercy of Jesus. The first words He utters when he goes onto the Cross are words of forgiveness. This echoes what Jesus feels today when he looks down upon us and says the same words of forgiveness   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Parallel verse: Matt 5:44 Love your enemies, bless those who curse you, do good to those who hate you and pray for those who spitefully use you and persecute you-- Jesus is putting in practice his own teachings! 2. Today, you will be with Me in Paradise: (Luke 23:43) There were two thieves crucified on either side of Jesus, both gasping for life, and in horrible pain. The thief on the right had been watching Jesus; he knew this man was innocent. He just heard Jesus asking God to forgive the people—the thief hears about forgiveness straight from Jesus. So the thief says this man is innocent. He defends Jesus, while no one else does! He knows he’s close to death†¦so he asks Jesus remember me when you come to your kingdom†¦he turns to Jesus for forgiveness, and Christ accepted him—today you will be wi...

Economic Community Assessment on West Hollywood California Essay

West Hollywood is a city incorporated in the County of Los Angeles in California, U. S. The city was founded in 1984 and currently, it has a population of 37,000 but the figure swell at night and over the weekends or during major events such as Gay and Lesbian parades. The city is one of those notably populated with gays in the U. S with well over 41% of the total population being gay This paper will discuss the economic details of the West Hollywood City in terms of housing; costs, types, ages, ownership etc, household incomes, resources available for families, major businesses, employment statistics and other economic assessments of the city. Business The current number of businesses (small and large) in West Hollywood City is 1,654. Owing to the fact that the society is changing, more immigrants are coming in and the technology is advancing, then, the business will grow to a higher level in the near future and that the number of business units will expand geographically and size wise Business profiles Category Number State(California) Retail/wholesale and manufacturers 860 53% Corporate Headquarters 35 2% Service providers 487 29% Production; T. V, radio, publishing etc. 70 4% Professionals 202 12% The main occupations of the people in the area are; design, cultural activities, small business and small scale farming in the western part of the city. Employment The top ten employers are; Los Angeles County MTA, Pacific Design Centre, The Lot, House of Blues, The Vons Companies, Wyndham Bel Age Hotel, City of West Hollywood, Hyatt West Hollywood, The Mondrian Hotel and Le Parc. These companies employ a huge majority of the population especially the young adults between the ages of 24-44 years. The rate of unemployment in the City is currently at 2. 9%. According to a survey conducted in 2000 on the employment statistics of the region, the number of persons working full time were 66% of the total population, 8% working part time, 3% were unemployed, 15% retired and 8% not falling in any category. Compared to the Los Angeles unemployment rate which is 3.5% and that of the United states which is now at 3. 7% according to the latest figures by the U. S Bureau of statistics(U. S Bureau of statistics 2006, (2006): Employment statistics, U. S Bureau of statistics) Housing Most of the houses were built during the 1950s and constitute about 30% of all the buildings in the city today. The rest were built later or earlier than that i. e. ; < 1940s-16%, 1940s-8%, 1960s- 23%, 1970s-18%, 1980s-6%. And 1990s- 1% There has also been a number of hosing structures which were built in the last five years but they are still under construction or have just been completed. There are in general 22,000 households in West Hollywood occupied by the over 37,000 persons. According to information contained in the City of West Hollywood Housing element, 2000, the number of households that contain single persons has increased i. e. from 42% in 1994 to 55% in 1998. The number of households with children in the year 2000 was about 2% and the figure is expected to increase given that the number of lesbian and gay marriages is on the increase. The housing situation in West Hollywood City is considered favorable and even in surplus going by the number of houses which are currently vacant. Compared to other areas where there is shortage of housing units, the city boasts of an organized housing structure planned, designed and constructed in a sophisticated manner. Those houses occupied by the councils and the government authorities; institutions such as schools etc comprise about 10% of the buildings while the rest are residential, manufacturing and business premises. All the business houses pay taxes to the local authority. The type of housing as described by the figure below shows that more families are staying single per housing unit. Depending on the size and the ownership of house, the rent of the housing units range from $ 10,000 to as $60,000 annually. Most of the housing units are apartments

Black American Studies Final Essays

Black American Studies Final Essays Black American Studies Final Essays African American music is a large recognized and acknowledged attribute to world culture by being created from unity from enslavement, and creativity. There are several different types of music genres that are under the umbrella term African American music. These types include blues, jazz, spirituals and gospel. They reflect the attitudes and concerns of both the performers and their culture at a specific time and place in history. Eddie Meadows explains that Ethnomusicologists espouse the generally accepted view that music is more fully explained and understood relative to the culture of which it is an outgrowth, without understanding the cultural significance of the event in which music is performed by analyzing the music alone. In history the people who study the evolution of music are called historical musicologists. When historical musicologists Nketia described music as : The aggregate of cultural traditions associated with music which becomes evident at the juncture of the social and the musical traditions that are learned in the social process or in special learning situations. Traditions that are cultivated, practiced, and recreated by members of a society in the different roles they assume as music makers, instrument makers, and audiences in different contexts of the situation. She also adds that s musical culture maintains distinct identity not only through the musical but also the social sphere of culture, for the socio-musical juncture admits only forms of behavior, status and structural relationships, expressions and roles which are idiomatic to it. When culture varies so does the music. African retentions in blues and jazz play a significant part in African American music. African retentions in African American musical genres vary in depth, transformation, and reinterpretation, depending upon the traceable contact between cultures. Jazz is a very broad genre. Jazz originated in African American community where it is defined as a genre that incorporates improvising, swing, phrasing, and articulation into one individual performance. Throughout the history of jazz it has dominated the culture of African Americans. In the 1950s the male was the dominant one in the musical aspect that wasn’t focused on vocals, which the women usually did. In jazz music you have certain roles of the instruments. The two roles are five man group and seven man group. Five man groups consisted of the cornet, clarinet, trombone, sousaphone/tuba, and drums. The cornet played the melody, was allowed to decorate the melody but not the extent that one could not recognize the melody. The cl arinet had three roles; played obbligato parts to complement the melody, play the harmony above the melody, and to double the medley on occasion. The Trombone is to outline the most important notes in the cord played. Sousaphone also known as the tuba is to play the background, tow

French Expressions Using the Word Quelque

French Expressions Using the Word Quelque The French word quelque literally means some and is also used in many idiomatic expressions. Learn how to say in a little while, somewhat, in a word, and more with this list of expressions with quelque. Some Jai quelques idà ©esI have some ideas.Jai quelque envie...I have some desire, I kind of want... About il y a quelque 10 ansabout 10 years agoquelque 5 000 voituresabout 5,000 cars Other Expressions quelque chose (pronoun)somethingquelquefois (adverb)sometimesquelque part (adverb)somewherequelquun (pronoun)someonequelques-uns, quelques-unes (pronoun)some, a few quelque distancesome distance fromen quelque sorteas it were, so to speak, in a word, in a wayet quelquesand change, a little more thanCà ©tait 5 euros et quelquesIt was 5 euros and change.quelque autre noun, quelques autres plural nounsome otherY a-t-il quelque autre restaurant  ?Is there some other restaurant?Jai quelques autres idà ©esI have some other ideasquelque chose de adjsomethingquelque chose dintà ©ressantsomething interestingquelque peusomewhat, rather, a bitquelque... quewhatever, whichever quelque prix que...At whatever price that...quelque tempssome timeattendre quelque tempsto wait a little whiledans quelque tempsbefore longdepuis quelque tempsfor a while

Red Chief Writing

Red Chief Writing Free Online Research Papers Dear Sam, I truly think that Red Chief needs to leave. Red Chief is physically violent, he’s driving me mentally insane, and I’m doing all the work while your not helping at all. This is your last chance. I’ve gone through thick and think with you, but I wont take this much longer. I really think you should listen to me and consider why Red Chief should leave. Red chief has got to be the most violent youngster I know. You saw him throw a brick at me. That brick hit me in the eye. You saw that too. I don’t understand how that didn’t clue you in that he’s violent. Along with the brick he also hit me with a rock behind the ear. He also put a red hot boiled potato on me and then mashed it with his foot. But I think the worst was that he tried to scalp me with a knife. He wasn’t lying when he said the night before he was going to scalp me. Aside from being physically violent, his mental issues are driving me mentally insane. He was threatening to hit me with a rock half the size of coconut. He kept me up at night with his threats. He’s making me exhausted. He kept me up at night for three hours reaching for his rifle, screeching â€Å"hiss pard† into my ears. I need my sleep Sam. You know me, I’m a grump in the morning if I don’t get enough sleep. Another thing. It’s tiring having a child sit on your back for ninety miles while you’re crawling on your hands and knees. It’s exhausting trying to keep him entertained. This child has no off button on him. Finally, I took care of him the whole time we were here. You never spent any time with him. So you wouldn’t know any of this. You wouldn’t know that he wants to stay with us. No. The whole time you were trying to get rid of him while I was putting up with him. Seriously I don’t think that anyone is going to pay 15,000 dollars to take back this little ball of evil. I know I wouldn’t. Like I said. This is your last chance. It’s me or him. You and I, were like two peas in a pod. Were family. If you want to keep me, Red Chief has go to go. I will not put up with him any longer. And I’m completely serious. Please take this into consideration. I would hate for you to lose me, and I would hate to lose you. Sincerely, Bill Research Papers on Red Chief WritingWhere Wild and West MeetNever Been Kicked Out of a Place This NiceThe Hockey GameEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenBook Review on The Autobiography of Malcolm XPersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyHip-Hop is ArtCapital PunishmentUnreasonable Searches and SeizuresTrailblazing by Eric Anderson

Public Sector Budgeting Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Public Sector Budgeting - Assignment Example It is majorly done by the executive and should not be made a secretive process. The first important step of this stage is to set a fiscal policy and it involves estimation of the resources available for spending. The treasury department will then issue a directive of spending to all the departments based on the policy framework (Khan & Hildreth, 2002). Negotiations will follow between the spending departments and the treasury with a bid to allocate the resources. The process then ends with the development of a consolidated draft budget that is approved by the cabinet or a higher political authority that will deliberate on the contentious issues before moving to the next budget stage. After drafting a comprehensive budget, the document will be laid before the legislature for approval. Government regulations bar the executive from making expenditures without obtaining sanction from the legislature. Parliament will closely scrutinize the draft budget and has the option of approving, rej ecting, amending or in some cases substituting the draft that is presented by the executive (Khan & Hildreth, 2002). The legislature will also have the mandate of approving the relevant laws on taxation before they take effect. It is important to notice that the period taken by the legislature in approving the budget varies from country to counter. Once approved, the budget process enters the implementation stage, which marks the commencement of a fiscal year. The implementation process is in the hands of the executive, which allocates the resources to the departments in line with the approved estimates. The legislature however may monitor the executive in the process to ensure that they don’t deflect t from the estimates. In the developing economies, the executive may have to cut on some approved expenditures to take care of emerging circumstances. Where the emergency requires substantial amounts, the legislature will have to approve the new estimates to protect the minority rights. The final stage is the accounting and financial reporting stage. At this stage an independent auditor is vested with the mandate of analyzing the government accounts and government reports with the objective of giving an opinion on whether the implementation has been done in a desirable manner. The report should be made in a timely manner and with recommendations that will be reflected in future budgets in order to improve future public accounting and budgeting. Reports should be made in a timely manner to ensure that the official who might be responsible for loss of public resources are convicted for their actions before their retirement or after they had left public service. The budget process is not an event and is an ongoing process that is interconnected. Legislature participation should not be limited to approval and review of the audit findings. Parliament should be empowered to ensure that they make the executive responsible for proper implementation of the budget. B The public sector and private sector budgeting have similarities and differences in some ways. Private sector budgeting is driven by the market and that of the public sector is constrained by resources from taxation. It therefore means that both the public and private sector budgets have some constraints. Secondly, both the private and public and private sector budgeting have objectives. For the private the aim is to make profits while public budgeting is service to the serve the

Poor employee motivation and compensation at Walmart Stores Inc Research Paper

Poor employee motivation and compensation at Walmart Stores Inc - Research Paper Example Formerly Wal-Mart Stores Incorporation, the multinational was rebranded Walmart Stores, Incorporation since 2008. The organization is an American multinational corporation in the retail industry, owning and managing thousands of large discount department outlets in form of stores and warehouses. Currently, the corporation occupies the third position globally in the private sector. Walmart is also the biggest private organization employing more than two million workers across the world. The organization occupies the first position within the retail industry in the world. The organization is owned by Walton family, who control 48 percent of the shares. Additionally, Walmart is apparently one of the most profitable corporations in the world. Barely a decade after being founded by Sam Walton in 1962, Walmart was incorporated in late 1969 and later traded publicly at the New York Stock Exchange. With its headquarters situated in Bentonville, Arkansas, the multinational is also the biggest retailer of grocery in America. Three years ago, the corporation generated more than half of its income from grocery sales in the United States market. The Corporation also owns and manages the Sam's Club warehouses situated in North America; the store falls within Walmart’s retail business. Walmart boasts more than 8,500 outlets in 15 countries.These branches are, however, existing under different names. The organization operates under the popular Walmart name in the native United States and Canadian market, and also in Latin American states. such as Puerto Rico, Brazil, and Argentina (Agren, Ogier, & Bamrud, 2011). The organization serves Mexicans under Walmex name, Britons as

Health Care Associated Infections and UK Screening Policy Essay

Health Care Associated Infections and UK Screening Policy - Essay Example Bacteria can survive in people without harming them like they can continue to exist on the skin or in the gut. Some HCAIs are caused by bacteria when they actually enter the body in the course of surgical treatments or wounds. Infections are normally cured by antibiotics. However, in certain circumstances, a number of bacteria may become resistant to antibiotics. This leads to complications in treatment of those infections. Antibiotics have the potential to supplement the natural ability to protect the body against bacterial infections. Antibiotics protect the body from bacterial infections by killing bacteria (bactericidal) or by discontinuing the process of their multiplication (bacteriostatic). Bacteria adjust to antibiotics by attaining resistance genes. Bacteria with resistance genes are not affected by antibiotics and continue to survive and also keep multiplying other bacteria that are without resistance genes. The reasons for which bacteria get resistant to antibiotics are as follows. Excessive use of antibiotics increases the probability of bacteria to get resistant to them. Antibiotics were being used to treat disease and illnesses that are not curable by them like flu and cold. In the recent years the recommendation for antibiotics has shown a declining trend by general physicians. Antibiotics courses are often left incomplete. People often leave the medications considering themselves fit, regardless of the doctors’ advised time period and dosages of antibiotics. This careless attitude and irresponsible act leaves bacteria alive and they continue to multiply, become resistant and are transmitted to others. Once people stop using the prescribed antibiotics they use the extra amount for some other infection. This further worsens the situation as different antibiotics cure different infections. Self-medication does not benefit the patient of cost cutting but it costs them higher in the future. In addition the use of random antibiotics from the self

Cash Flows Yahoo and Google Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Cash Flows Yahoo and Google - Essay Example Over the period of three years, Google has contributed to the capital expenditure for future expansion Besides Google seems to be active in managing its short term investment and generate significant cash flows. The most significant indicators of the sources of financing activities being generated are the issuance of capital stock by the Google over the period of time. Apart from that Google has been relying on external financing to generate its cash flows from investing activities. On the whole it can be safely assumed that Google has been able to generate very healthy operating cash flows which is in fact one of the ideal indicators for the investors as for as the cash flow generating capability of the company is concerned in long term basis. The major contributor towards generating positive operating cash flows are non-cash items specially depreciation and amortization. Cash flow from Operations has shown reduction in 2006 due to the reduction in net income. Cash Flow from investing activities is negative too because of the heavy capital expenditure being made over the period of three years. Cash Flows from financing have been negative too because of the fact that Yahoo has recalled some of its stocks from the market i.e. repurchased its stock from the open market to lessen the external

Database systems-Entity-Relationship modelling Essay

Database systems-Entity-Relationship modelling - Essay Example A database will help to make the report generation process faster with the use of correct report generating programs. The management will have the option of having up-to-date information when it comes to decision making in Lanchester Liners. Since all the data is retrieved from a central database, the consistency of the data is guaranteed. It becomes a clear advantage of a database, since the manual file systems are vulnerable to duplicated data. The security of data can also be enhanced with the implementation of a database using passwords and other security protocols. For this company, a computerized database will make the data available to remote locations such as to a ship in the middle of a journey by the using modern communication technology. The transition from a manual file system to a database system will make the company concentrate on staff training, spending on hardware and software. The company also has employee new team of professional to maintain the technical aspects of the database. These two factors can be considered as the drawback occurring from the implementation of a database. The Business rules of the system Following Business rules have been identified according to the interview conducted with Lanchester Liners Company. 1. ... 4. Many employees are assigned to ship at a time and an employee works in a one particular ship at a time. 5. A passenger may book several excursions and a particular excursion may be booked by several passengers. 6. A Passenger may be in many cruises from time to time. A cruise takes many passengers. 7. An itinerary consists of several excursions and an itinerary may share several excursions. 8. Excursion consists of many attractions. An attraction is limited to only one excursion. 9. Some passengers may also do lecture to other passengers. ER – Model of Lanchester Liners Primary key - Foreign key - Non-prime attributes – In Red The list of Entities, Attributes, and Relationships of the system Entity Attributes Primary Key Foreign keys SHIP Ship _No - Ship Number Ship _Name Ship _No ------------- ITINERARY It_ID - Itinerary ID It_ID Sh _It * Dep _Port – Departing port Arri _Port – Arriving port Ship _No - Ship Number It_ID - Itinerary ID Ship _No It_ID Sh ip _No It_ID CRUISE Cruise_ID – Cruise ID Days of tour – Week days of the tour Tour _Operator – Tour operator’s name Cruise_ID ------------- Cr _It * Cruise_ID It_ID Cruise_ID It_ID Cruise_ID It_ID PASSENGER Pas_ID – Passenger ID Pas_Contact – Passenger contact details Pas_Name – Passenger Name Pas_ID ------------- P Assigned to Cruise_ID Pas_ID Pas_satis – Passenger satisfaction Cruise_ID Pas_ID Cruise_ID Pas_ID EXCURSION Exc_ID – Excursion ID Exc_ID -------------- Booking Exc_ID Pas_ID Exc_ID Pas_ID Exc_ID Pas_ID ATTRACTION Att ­_ID – Attraction ID Att_desc - Attraction Description Exc_ID Att ­_ID Exc_ID It _Ex * Exc_ID port_name It_ID It_ID Exc_ID It_ID Exc_ID EMPLOYEE ** Emp_Name - Employee Name Emp_ID - Employee ID Emp_phn –

Ernest Gordon and the Wisdom of Forgiveness Research Paper

Ernest Gordon and the Wisdom of Forgiveness - Research Paper Example At the mercy of their ruthless Japanese captors, subject to torture, execution, starvation and disease, they faced an age-old decision – they could give vent to an instinctive desire for revenge and kill as many Japanese as possible, or they could respond according to Christian principles of forgiveness and forbearance. Given the animal brutality of the Japanese and the harshest life-and-death situation imaginable, it seems incredible that anyone could even contemplate forgiveness. That anyone did is attributable to the intelligence and immeasurable moral strength of Captain Ernest Gordon, an officer of the 69th Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders, who realized that the only way to defuse the situation was to forego displays of anger and outrage over their inhuman treatment. Instead, Gordon taught his compatriots that their best chance of survival depended on earning the respect of the Japanese, and to bear their hardships with grace and restraint. The 2008 film To End All Wars is a true-to-life portrayal of what these soldiers of the British Army endured and of the spiritual transformation that took place in the presence of the basest inhumanity. The film illustrates that a true and lasting devotion to peace calls for a far greater courage than is Ernest Gordon 3 required to perpetuate the cycle of violence. Gordon and the other prisoners of war find themselves in desolation, a wasteland of the body and of the soul. As such, they have nothing but each other to sustain themselves. â€Å"When you surrender in war, you’re stripped of your dignity as a soldier. And all you’ve got left is your fellow comrades, many of whom you’ve just met,† Gordon muses (Cunningham, 2001). Gordon is a realist in that he understands the prisoners are utterly alone and vulnerable, with nothing to protect or sustain them but the strength they have to put into their convictions. If they do this, he realizes, they have a chance of being useful and produc tive as prisoners. Indeed, it is their only hope: the code of honor by which the Japanese lived had no regard for soldiers who allowed themselves to be taken prisoner. For the soldiers of the Emperor, to be taken captive was an utter disgrace: Bushido called upon them to commit suicide instead. Consequently, their British Army captives had committed an unforgivable breach of honor and were not seen as deserving humane treatment. Gordon found himself in a deadly clash of cultural values. Determined to carry on after the death of the regiment’s commanding officer, Gordon organizes a â€Å"church without walls† and a forum for discussing and debating philosophical matters. In these gatherings, Gordon urges the men not to give up hope but to endure their suffering stoically as British POW Dusty Miller has done. Miller, a mild-mannered gardener with a strong spiritual sense, nursed Gordon back to health and, by example, began the young Scot’s metamorphosis from agnos tic to avowed Christian. In his book, Gordon pays tribute to Miller’s quiet, dignified Christianity. â€Å"Within the camp there was†¦daily inspiration. The strong and simple faith of Dusty Miller was one of them; it suggested that he had found the Ernest Gordon 4 answer so many of us sought† (Gordon, 1963). A simple, unpretentious sort, Miller excused himself from the debates in which the prisoners took part, possibly intuiting that true spirituality isn’

Cash Flows Yahoo and Google Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Cash Flows Yahoo and Google - Essay Example Over the period of three years, Google has contributed to the capital expenditure for future expansion Besides Google seems to be active in managing its short term investment and generate significant cash flows. The most significant indicators of the sources of financing activities being generated are the issuance of capital stock by the Google over the period of time. Apart from that Google has been relying on external financing to generate its cash flows from investing activities. On the whole it can be safely assumed that Google has been able to generate very healthy operating cash flows which is in fact one of the ideal indicators for the investors as for as the cash flow generating capability of the company is concerned in long term basis. The major contributor towards generating positive operating cash flows are non-cash items specially depreciation and amortization. Cash flow from Operations has shown reduction in 2006 due to the reduction in net income. Cash Flow from investing activities is negative too because of the heavy capital expenditure being made over the period of three years. Cash Flows from financing have been negative too because of the fact that Yahoo has recalled some of its stocks from the market i.e. repurchased its stock from the open market to lessen the external

Ernest Gordon and the Wisdom of Forgiveness Research Paper

Ernest Gordon and the Wisdom of Forgiveness - Research Paper Example At the mercy of their ruthless Japanese captors, subject to torture, execution, starvation and disease, they faced an age-old decision – they could give vent to an instinctive desire for revenge and kill as many Japanese as possible, or they could respond according to Christian principles of forgiveness and forbearance. Given the animal brutality of the Japanese and the harshest life-and-death situation imaginable, it seems incredible that anyone could even contemplate forgiveness. That anyone did is attributable to the intelligence and immeasurable moral strength of Captain Ernest Gordon, an officer of the 69th Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders, who realized that the only way to defuse the situation was to forego displays of anger and outrage over their inhuman treatment. Instead, Gordon taught his compatriots that their best chance of survival depended on earning the respect of the Japanese, and to bear their hardships with grace and restraint. The 2008 film To End All Wars is a true-to-life portrayal of what these soldiers of the British Army endured and of the spiritual transformation that took place in the presence of the basest inhumanity. The film illustrates that a true and lasting devotion to peace calls for a far greater courage than is Ernest Gordon 3 required to perpetuate the cycle of violence. Gordon and the other prisoners of war find themselves in desolation, a wasteland of the body and of the soul. As such, they have nothing but each other to sustain themselves. â€Å"When you surrender in war, you’re stripped of your dignity as a soldier. And all you’ve got left is your fellow comrades, many of whom you’ve just met,† Gordon muses (Cunningham, 2001). Gordon is a realist in that he understands the prisoners are utterly alone and vulnerable, with nothing to protect or sustain them but the strength they have to put into their convictions. If they do this, he realizes, they have a chance of being useful and produc tive as prisoners. Indeed, it is their only hope: the code of honor by which the Japanese lived had no regard for soldiers who allowed themselves to be taken prisoner. For the soldiers of the Emperor, to be taken captive was an utter disgrace: Bushido called upon them to commit suicide instead. Consequently, their British Army captives had committed an unforgivable breach of honor and were not seen as deserving humane treatment. Gordon found himself in a deadly clash of cultural values. Determined to carry on after the death of the regiment’s commanding officer, Gordon organizes a â€Å"church without walls† and a forum for discussing and debating philosophical matters. In these gatherings, Gordon urges the men not to give up hope but to endure their suffering stoically as British POW Dusty Miller has done. Miller, a mild-mannered gardener with a strong spiritual sense, nursed Gordon back to health and, by example, began the young Scot’s metamorphosis from agnos tic to avowed Christian. In his book, Gordon pays tribute to Miller’s quiet, dignified Christianity. â€Å"Within the camp there was†¦daily inspiration. The strong and simple faith of Dusty Miller was one of them; it suggested that he had found the Ernest Gordon 4 answer so many of us sought† (Gordon, 1963). A simple, unpretentious sort, Miller excused himself from the debates in which the prisoners took part, possibly intuiting that true spirituality isn’

Communication Styles †Analysis of a Special Interaction Essay Example for Free

Communication Styles – Analysis of a Special Interaction Essay The paper is an analysis of the special interaction between a Noble and a Reflective. The analysis is a process to see how communication styles affect the interaction, and how changing one’s style when communicating with another style can result in different outcomes. This paper illustrates how I adjusted my communication style to adapt my boyfriend’s communication style and how the result changed. The paper addresses the following: 1) A description of the interaction, 2) An analysis the interaction, and 3) Conclusion. see more:describe how to support different communication abilities and needs of an individual with dementia A description of the interaction The specific interaction I want to demonstrate is the interaction between my boyfriend, Tony, and me. Because we have different communication styles, we sometimes argue and get mad at each other. He is a straight forward person; he tells me right away what I am doing wrong. As a Noble, Tony is very decisive. He likes to be center of every discussion. In contrast, I have a Reflective style; I tend to be quiet. I love spending time alone; I think deeply and do not make decisions quickly. The interaction The following scenario is an illustration of our communication styles. The interaction took place late at night two weeks ago at the Home Depot store where Tony and I went to buy some fixtures for my room. We went inside the store; he grabbed the products he needed quickly, while I took my time looking around. I showed him the light I had chosen and he said, â€Å"It is not a night light. Let’s go over another row†. He held my hand and tried to move quickly to another row, but I pushed his hand away and stood in the same area. He went by himself and said, â€Å"We have to hurry up, or we can come back tomorrow†. I was very angry, but I did not say anything. Finally, I went to the cashier, and I saw him holding a pretty night light in his hand. The impact of different communication style Although he still helped me choose the night light, his behavior made me feel like he was rushing me and did not care about me. He thinks he knows what I want, and he should have asked me what kind of light I needed. If I chose the wrong one, he should have explained what kind of light I needed. He acted as if he needed to make the decision for me because I was taking too long. An analysis of the interaction Last week, Tony helped me repaint my room and we went to the Home Depot to purchase colors and painting tools. Tony was very unhappy because I took too long to decide the paints. He also complained why I did not plan ahead of time. In the meantime, I decided to speak out what I was thinking instead of being quiet and doing my own thing. I told Tony that he should have helped me on selecting the paints because the color I wanted was not available and the instruction of choosing and mixing colors in the store was confusing me. I described what kind of color I wished to use for my room and asked him for advice. I also talked to Tony directly that I tried to ignore his offended comments, but those unconscious words irritated me. Tony realized his unintentional attitudes made me upset and he said apologize to me. We both felt like we removed the communication style barrier between us after the frank conversation and we finished shopping and painting my room successfully. I will remind mys elf to use this method in our future conversations to prevent conflicts and arguments. Conclusion Learning the communication styles concept has helped me better understand the way people interact. Each person has a distinct style of communication which has both good and bad aspects. Any miscommunication can cause unexpected outcomes, but if I can adjust or control my communication style, I can predict the result of most interactions. Therefore, I recognize that learning and understanding other styles and applying what I have learned in real life will help to bring good results.

The Debate on Assault Weapons in the US

The Debate on Assault Weapons in the US The federal government of the United States of America should prohibit citizens from owning assault weapons. Discuss Assault Weapons Do you think weapons pose a threat to the individual and social level? But before this let us know what counts as an assault weapons. There is no technical definition of assault weapons, but it includes the fully automatic weapons, which fire continuously when the trigger is held down. Then there are semiautomatic weapons that reload automatically but fire only once each time the trigger. Semiautomatic pistols and rifles are extremely common in the United States in different sizes and shapes. In the last five years, there were many suggestions to limit the availability of assault weapons. Limiting the availability of weapons reduces the number of deaths, theft, and assaults in the community. Also, It can stop the assaults and foil terrorist operations. School disputes would be less lethal if weapons were elusive and more expensive. In addition, the government should deploy weapons awareness programs to spread awareness among people. Furthermore, the government should enforce laws on arms dealers to avoid many problems. Despite the government’s attempts to prevent weapons, the majority of murders and rubbery are caused by weapons. The federal government of the United States of America should prohibit citizens from owning assault weapons to limit murders, shooting accidents, and armed robbery. Guns have made a lot of problems and murder is one of them. Courtshave many cases for murders and crimes and many types of them. According to Gary kleck,â€Å" Guns are heavily involved in violence in America. In 1993, about 71% of homicides and 63% of suicides involved guns. While it is not obvious whether there would be fewer deaths if there were fewer guns, or whether guns availability among those who would use guns for violent purposes, there is no doubt that a big share of America’s fatal violence involves the use of firearms† (no page). This explains that limiting assault weapons decreases the rate of murders. The government can make a simple to the policy can protect the citizen. For example, firearms have become a popular way to commit suicide. Therefore, the Israeli government decided limiting access to weapons to reduce the rates of suicide within a simple suicide rate fell by 40%. Reducing the opportunities to obtain weapons reduces caused a significant chang e in the suicide rates. Therefore, a simple change in the policy may urge a big change in the community (Lubin, no page). Even if all guns have been avoided it does not mean that crimes will not happened, but prohibiting assault weapons will limit crimes and people will be safer. Shooting accident is one of the problems that caused by assault weapons. People usually keep their weapons in houses, but this is not safe. Kids can see the weapons and they will try to use them. Lack of understanding of weapons may occur big accidents like hurting or killing someone. Studies were conducted in the school shooting in a variety of disciplines. But so far there is not any competent authority to examine these events (Mushert, no page). Weapons can be safe if PEOPLE learn how to deal with them. However, people may not apply the laws if it did not come from the government. There is an example that happen every year, that is large number of children and teenager who get killed or injured in the best case scenario that would happen by wrong using gun in the United States. And family members, or strangers shoot some of them, either intentionally or unintentionally. It is true if we said that, some kids are using guns to attempt suicide, and these attempts prove successful mor e often than suicides by other things that is may use. The availability of guns allows many issues, and armed rubbery is one of the issues. As many issues have solutions, the government tries the best to solve these problems. Armed robbery is a great danger to the community. People do not feel that they are safe and they are afraid on their selves, kids and their money from thieves. Armed rubbery could happen easier if assault weapons are permissible. Without weapons thieves will not try to burgle on banks, stores and houses. Even if thieves try to burgle, it will be easy and safe to the government to catch them. If the government limits the availability of weapons, the rate of armed rubbery will decreases. In some countries such as the united state, assault weapon is legal. In addition, political term used in firearms laws in order to define and restrict specific firearms. In fact, there is a debate in Considerable about continues on how assault weapons should be defined. For instance, they are trying to limit kids of using weapon like gun in order to make the community feel comfortable about saving there children from this big risk which is legalize weapon. Federal law sets the minimum standards for firearm regulation in the United States; however individual states have their own laws, some of which provide further restrictions, others which have more lenient guidelines.The Gun Control Act of 1968 prohibited the sale of firearms to several categories of individuals, including persons under eighteen-years of age, those with criminal records, the mentally disabled, unlawful aliens, dishonorably discharged military personnel, and others. In 1993, the law was amended by the Brady Handgun Violence Prevention Act, which mandated background checks for all unlicensed persons purchasing a firearm from a federally licensed dealer. However, critics maintain that a so-called â€Å"gun show loophole,† codified in the Firearm Owners Protection Act of 1986, effectively allows anyone, including convicted felons, to purchase firearms without a background check.As of December 2012, there were no federal laws banning semi-automatic assault weapons, military-style .50 caliber rifles, handguns, or large capacity ammunition magazines, which can increase the potential lethality of a given firearm. There was a federal prohibition on assault weapons and high-capacity magazines between 1994 and 2004, but Congress allowed these restrictions to expire. To sum up, criminal rates in some countries increase to nearly unexpected levels of crime and the entire increase was attributable to homicides committed by young people with guns. Guns are one of reason for this increase. If the government limit the availability of weapons and make more expensive, the rate of crimes will decrease. That why governments should limit the availability of assault weapons. Work Cited Arindrajit Dube, Oeinderil Dube and Omar Garcia-PONCE (2013). Cross-Border Spillover: U.S.  Gun Laws and Violence in Mexico. American Political Science Review, 107, pp. 397-417. Doi: 10.1017/S0003055413000178. Kleck, Gary. Why Does The Issue Matters? Violent Uses Of guns. New York: Aldine De  Gruyter, 1991.Print. Lubin, G., Werbeloff, N., Halperin, D., Shmushkevitch, M., Weiser, M. and Knobler, H.  Y. (2010), Decrease in Suicide Rates After a Change of Policy Reducing Access to  Firearms in Adolescents: A Naturalistic Epidemiological Study. Suicide and Life-Threat Behavi, 40:421–424. doi:10.1521/suli.2010.40.5.421 Muschert, G. W. (2007), Research in School Shootings. Sociology Compass, 1:60–80.  Doi:10.1111/j.1751-9020.2007.00008.x

Angelas Ashes Essay -- essays research papers

Although life presents you with many obstacles, if you continue to persevere, eventually you will achieve success. Angela’s Ashes, by Frank McCourt, is a good example of this. Frank is constantly limited by his poverty. We watch him stick with his goals and eventually accomplish them in the end. He also watches his mother continually try to stretch the family budget in order to get meager amounts of food. Death is also very prevalent in this book as Frank and his family have to adjust to the death of loved ones.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  People always say, you can’t judge a book by it’s cover, and Frank McCourt is certainly an example of this. Throughout the book, he is constantly denied access to opportunities that will help to better his life because of his indigent appearance. His failed attempt to become an alter boy is one example of this. Yet he keeps fighting and striving to succeed, instead of just giving up. He also had to deal with the fact that his brother, Malachy, who he was closest to, was better looking and received more attention than him. Although this confused Frank as a young child, he coped very well, and was able to believe in himself, even as the less attractive brother. Because he had to deal with all of this, he appreciated his minor achievements, like when his team, â€Å"The Red Hearts of Limerick†, beat a team of wealthy boys in a soccer game. Frank scores the winning goal, and thinks this can only mean good things because â€Å"God or the blessed V irgi... Angelas Ashes Essay -- essays research papers Although life presents you with many obstacles, if you continue to persevere, eventually you will achieve success. Angela’s Ashes, by Frank McCourt, is a good example of this. Frank is constantly limited by his poverty. We watch him stick with his goals and eventually accomplish them in the end. He also watches his mother continually try to stretch the family budget in order to get meager amounts of food. Death is also very prevalent in this book as Frank and his family have to adjust to the death of loved ones.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  People always say, you can’t judge a book by it’s cover, and Frank McCourt is certainly an example of this. Throughout the book, he is constantly denied access to opportunities that will help to better his life because of his indigent appearance. His failed attempt to become an alter boy is one example of this. Yet he keeps fighting and striving to succeed, instead of just giving up. He also had to deal with the fact that his brother, Malachy, who he was closest to, was better looking and received more attention than him. Although this confused Frank as a young child, he coped very well, and was able to believe in himself, even as the less attractive brother. Because he had to deal with all of this, he appreciated his minor achievements, like when his team, â€Å"The Red Hearts of Limerick†, beat a team of wealthy boys in a soccer game. Frank scores the winning goal, and thinks this can only mean good things because â€Å"God or the blessed V irgi...

Deception in Shakespeares Othello Essay -- Othello William Shakespear

Deception in Shakespeare's Othello Deception, which by its definition is a bad thing and has only one level or degree, is truly not this way at all. Deception appears many times in Othello, but in almost every incident the degree of deception is different. There are only a few characters that use deception, and those characters all use different degrees of deception to get what they want in the play. Deception is almost always used through verbal language or body language because it is the easiest way to deceive a person. The reasons, or intentions, a person has for deception determines the goodness (or badness) and (or) severity of the deception. If a person deceives others with good intentions, then, in a way, the deception is partially good. However, if a person has bad reasons or intentions in deceiving others, then the deception is bad. There is also, in contrast to the definition of deception, debate over what is deception because it is always different in the eyes of different people. Although deception is always meant to deceive, the degree of deception varies upon the context of the situation. Desdemona gives one example of deception when she hides her relationship with Othello from her father. Brabantio says, â€Å"O, she deceives me Past thought!† (1.1.166) Desdemona had reasons for deceiving her father. Her reasons were very simple, because she loved her father she wanted to protect him. Desdemona knew that her father would eventually find out the truth, but she felt that by hiding her relationship with Othello she would be delaying the inevitable pain that her father was going to feel. Since Desdemona loved her father, she felt that by delaying his pain she would be doing him a service, and because Desdemona deceived her father out of love, this deception was not severe. It was however bad, because there was no way in which Desdemona could avoid hurting her father. This shows that even though Desdemona deceived her father and the outcome was bad, it w as not severe because her intentions were good hearted. Another example of the degree of deception was when Iago said to Othello, â€Å"She did deceive her father, marrying you† (111.3.205). Iago’s deception, which in appearance looks similar to Desdemona’s deception, is in fact very different. When Iago says this to Othello, he is trying to anger Othello, and place doubt in Othello’s mind. Iago’s int... ... each interpretation, Iago is able to ask this question and honestly believe that what he does is not deceitful.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Even though deception is defined as malicious, trickery, cheating, and as a sham, it is evident that deception can be good through its intentions, can have different degrees, and is open to debate because of different interpretations. Because Desdemona wanted to spare her father from pain, it was not as deceitful as when Iago lied to Othello to put doubt in his mind. Desdemona’s deception to Othello was good because she did not want to upset him when she thought that she could fix the situation without him knowing. Iago’s deception was bad however, because he tricked Othello by lying to him and wanted to hurt him. Finally, Iago was able to believe that he was not a villain because deception is open to debate because it is different to each person. Shakespeare showed how deception is far different than it’s definition in the â€Å"OXFORD ENGLISH DICTIONARY† by giving examples of deception which all differ from the standard definition. Works Cited Oxford English Dictionary. 2nd Ed. Volume 4. 1989. Shakespeare, William. Othello. New York: Penguin Books, 1968.

Organizational Changes within the National Health Service Essay

1. Discuss and debate the organizational changes within the National Health Service and examine how these have influenced care delivery. At the start of the NHS, a mediation model of management subsisted where the role of the manager facilitated health care professionals to care for the patient. Medical staffs were extremely influential and controlling in determining the shape of the service, at the same time as managers were imprudent and focused on managing internal organizational issues (Harrison et al. 1992). After the 1979 general election, there was originally little change to the National Health Service (Klein 1983). Though, poor economic growth, together with growing public expenditure, slowly brought about changes. Influenced by the ‘New Right’ ideologies, a more interventionist, practical, style of management in the health service emerged. This efficiently changed the role of managers from one of imprudent scapegoats for existing problems, to agents of the government (Flynn 1992). Managers became the means by which government control over NHS spending was increased (Harrison and Pollitt 1994). The impulsion for this change arose from the 1983 Griffiths report (NHS Executive 1983), an assessment by the government health advisor, Sir Roy Griffiths. Within this report, four specific problem areas were recognized: the limited management influence over the clinical professions; a managerial stress on reactivity to problems; the significance placed on managing the status quo; and a culture of producer, not consumer, orientation (Harrison et al. 1992). The power of the Griffiths Report (op. cit.) was to challenge and limit medicine’s sovereignty in the health service, and over health care resources. certainly, nurses were simply referred to twice throughout the document. Through its attention on organizational dynamics and not structure, the Griffiths Report proposed main change to the health service. General Managers were initiated at all levels of the NHS. In spite of Griffiths’ original intention that it was simply cultural adjustment that was required, there were instantaneous and considerable structural and organizational changes in the health service (Robinson et al. 1989). Post-Griffiths there were escalating demands for value for money in the health service (DoH 1989). Efforts to extend managerial control over professional autonomy and behavior so continued throughout this intense period of change, and terminated with the NHS and Community Care Act (DoH 1990). From the re-organizations that taken place during this period, the NHS was rationalized to conform more intimately to the model of free enterprise in the private sector. This reformation was shaped by the belief that greater competence could be stimulated through the formation of an internal and competitive market. The belief that the health service was a distinguishing organization was disputed. The principles of economic rationality linked with business organizations were applied extensive to the operation of health service. The services requisite were determined, negotiated, and agreed by purchasers and providers through a funding and constricting mechanism. In this, trust hospitals and Directly Managed Units supplied health care provision for District and General Practitioner fund holders. There has since been a further shift in the purchaser base from health authorities to local commissioning through primary care groups and, more lately, through the Shifting the Balance of Power: The Next Steps policy document (DoH 2001b), to Primary Care Trusts. Through such recognized relationships, purchasers have turn out to be commissioners of services and the idea of the internal market has become the managed market that recognizes the more long-term planning of services that is required. Rhetoric of organization and health improvement underpins service agreements now made. The NHS is not simply a technical institution for the delivery of care, but as well a political institution where the practice of health care and the roles of health care practitioners imitate the authority base within society. The hospital organizational structure is an influential determinant of social identity, and thus affects health care roles and responsibilities. Though, through the health care reforms the medical staff and, to a lesser degree the managers, appeared to be defense from the introduction of general management into the health service. This has resulted in health service delivery remaining stoutly located within a medical model, and medical domination unchallenged (Mechanic 1991). It is the less authoritative occupational groups, including nursing, that have felt the major impact of such reforms. The NHS organizational changes aimed to convey leadership, value for money, and professional responsibility to managers at all level of the health service. These alterations were intended to reverse the organizational inertia that was limiting growth and efficiency in the system. Though originally aiming a positive impact on the service, these radical ideologies led to tension at the manager-health care professional boundary (Owens and Glennerster 1990). The prologue of the internal market in the NHS meant to present a more neutral and competent way of allocating resources, through rationalization and depersonalization. The new era of managerially claimed to be a changing force opposing customary health professional power (Newman and Clarke 1994), and persuasive professionals to offer to organizational objectives (Macara 1996). The contradictory models of health care held by managers and health care workers improved ambiguity over areas of responsibility and decision making, somewhat than clarity as anticipated (Owens and Glennerster 1990). The contending ideologies and tribalism between the health care groups were more unequivocally revealed. The introduction of markets to health care exposed a dichotomy for health care professionals. Medical and nursing staffs were requisite to report to better managerial officials, yet reveal professional commitment to a collegial peer group. This was challenging, mainly for medical staff that understood medical influence and the independence of medical practice, but did not recognize managerial ability. In many of the commentaries addressing this, the majority pragmatic resolution to addressing this situation was to distinguish that professional independence exists but together with, and limited, by managerial and decision-making control. The Griffiths Report (NHS Management Executive 1983) considered the doctor as the natural manager and endeavored to engage medicine with the general management culture through the resource management inventiveness. This requisite medicine to clinch the managerial values of collaboration, team work and collective attainment through the configuration of clinical management teams: the clinical directorate. On the contrary such working attitudes were in direct contrast to medicine’s principles of maximizing rather than optimizing, and of autonomy not interdependence. It is fascinating that even in today’s health care environment; there have been sustained observations that medical staffs do not supervise resources or clinical staff in an idealistic way. in spite of this, there has been little effort to undertake a methodical and broad review of the organization of medical work. This is in direct distinction to the experience of nurses, whose working practices and standards persist to be critiqued by all. Early on attempts made by managers to bound medical authority led to doctors adopting countervailing practices so as to remain independent and avoid organizational authority. Such practices, taken to keep their clinical independence, included unrestricted behaviors in admitting patients or deciding on explicit patient treatments (Harrison and Bruscini 1995). These behaviors rendered it hard for managers to intrude on medical practice, and therefore restricted the impact of the health care reforms. Immediately post-Griffiths there was some proof that introduction of general managers had, to a small extent, influenced medical practices. Green and Armstrong (1993) undertook a study on bed management in nine London hospitals. In this study, it was established how the work of managerial bed managers was capable to influence throughput of patients, admission and operating lists, thereby ultimately affecting the work of medicine. however, attempts made by managers to organize medicine were self-limiting. Health care managers were not a colossal, ideologically homogeneous group and lacked a strong consistent power base (Harrison and Pollitt 1994). Managers did not fulfill their remit of exigent the medical position in the health service and evade the responsibility for implementing repulsive and difficult decisions (Harrison and Pollitt op. cit.). The management capability of medicine persists to be challenged by government initiatives including the overture of clinical governance (DoH 1997). In this, the Chief Executives of trusts are held responsible for the quality of clinical care delivered by the whole workforce. An optimistic impact of this transform may be to provide opportunity for an incorporated organization with all team members, representing an interdependent admiration of health care (Marnoch and Ross 1998). on the other hand, it might be viewed as simply a structural change to increase the recognized ability of the Chief Executive over the traditional authority of medical staff: a further effort to make in-roads into the medical power base. Current years have demonstrated sustained commitment from the government towards modernizing health care (DoH 2000b). This has integrated challenging conventional working patterns and clinical roles across clinical specialties and disciplines. certainly medicine has received improved public and government scrutiny over current years. This has resulted in a shift of approach from within and outside the medical profession. The accomplishment of challenging the agenda for change in health care will be part-determined by medicine’s capability to further flex its own boundaries, and respond to the developing proficiency of others. 2. Identify and critically explore the changing role of the nurse, within the multi disciplinary team, examining legal, ethical and professional implications. The impact on nurses of the post-Griffiths health service configuration has not been so inconsequential. Empirical work has demonstrated that execution of the Griffiths recommendations led to the removal of the nursing management structure. This efficiently limited senior nurses to simply operational roles (Keen and Malby 1992). The implementation of the clinical directorate structure, with consultants having managerial accountability over nursing, further reduced nursing’s capability to effect change. Prior to 1984, budgetary control for nursing place with the profession. The 1984 reorganization distant nursing from nursing’s own control and placed it decisively under the new general managers’ (Robinson and Strong 1987, p. 5). As the notions of cost inhibition and erudite consumers were promoted, audit and accounting practices assumed a significant position in the health service. It was nurses who, encompassing a considerable percentage of the total workforce and linked staffing budget, found themselves targets for public and government analysis. Nursing maintained some strategic management functions within the new management structures, but these tasks were mostly limited to areas within the professional nursing domain. Nurses have been seen as pricey and potentially upsetting factors of production: channels through which costs can be lessened and administration functions can be absorbed (Ackroyd 1996). Caught in the crossfire of managerial changes that were originally targeted at medicine, nursing has been placed subordinate to management (Robinson and Strong 1987). In spite of debates on the impact of health care changes, there is consent on one issue. The structural and organizational changes in the NHS since 1991 have re-fashioned unit management teams and unit management responsibilities. This has resulted in the improved involvement of these teams in the stipulation of the service. It has required a diverse way of thinking about health care and new relationships between clinicians and managers to be developed (Owens and Glennerster 1990). The nineties are set to become a vital period in changing the ways in which health care is delivered, not just in terms of the potential re-demarcation of occupational boundaries between health care occupations, but as well in terms of the broader political, economic and organizational changes presently taking place in the NHS. It is asserted that traditional demarcations between doctors and nurses, seen as based on ever more unsustainable distinctions between ‘cure’ and ‘care’, are becoming blurred and that the new nursing causes a threat to the supremacy of the medical profession within health care (Beardshaw and Robinson 1990). though, there is an element of wishful thinking about this and, indeed, Beardshaw and Robinson (1990) rage their optimism with an identification of the continued reality of medical dominance. They see the threat to medical supremacy as one of the most problematical aspects of the new nursing, largely as claims to a unique therapeutic role for nursing must essentially involve a reassessment of patient care relative to cure. In Beardshaw and Robinson’s view, the degree to which doctors will be willing to exchange their conventional ‘handmaidens’ for true clinical partners, or even substitutes, is one of the most significant questions pos ed by the new nursing. In the wake of the Cumberlege Report on Community Nursing (DHSS 1986) and World Health Organization directions concerning precautionary health care, there appeared the very real view of the substitution of nurses for doctors in definite clinical areas-particularly primary care in the community, through nurses creating a central role in health encouragement, screening, counseling and routine treatment work in some GP practices (Beardshaw and Robinson 1990). Though, a current evaluation of the impact of present reforms in the NHS on the role of the nurse in primary care is more distrustful concerning the future shape of the community nursing role. If the way to determine the extent of nurses’ challenge to medicine is in terms of the conflict it provokes, then there positively is proof of medical resistance to recent developments in nursing. Doctors’ reaction to the Cumberlege Report on neighborhood nursing (DHSS 1986), which suggested the appointment of nurse practitioners, revealed that there were doctors who strongly resisted the initiative of nurses acting autonomously (Delamothe 1988). On the other hand, the General Medical Services Committee and the Royal College of Nursing agreed that ‘decisions concerning appropriate treatment are in practice not always made by the patient’s general practitioner’ and recognized that nurses working in the community are effectively prescribes of treatment (British Medical Journal 1988:226). Discussions relating to the proper arrangements desired to hold the prescription of drugs by nurses are taking place, on the grounds that nurse prescribing raises issues linking to the legal and professional status of both the nursing and the medical professions (British Medical Journal 1988:226). This suggests that renegotiations relating to the spheres of competence of doctors and nurses are on the agenda. None the less, the General Medical Council (1992) Guidelines remain indistinct on nurse prescribing and other forms of ‘delegation’ of tasks under medical privilege to nurses, stating that it has no desire to hold back delegation, but warning that doctors must be satisfied concerning the competence of the person to whom they are delegated, and insisting that doctors should retain eventual responsibility for the patients, as improper delegation renders a doctor liable to disciplinary proceedings. Renegotiations around the division of responsibilities between doctors and nurses are taking place very carefully and to a large extent on a rather extemporized basis, given the volume of letters requesting advice and clarification received from GPs by the General Medical Council. The focus in much of the nursing literature seems to be on the challenge of the ‘new’ nursing to the ‘old’ nursing posed by nursing reform, somewhat than on the challenge to medicine. One doctor (Mitchell 1984) has complained in the pages of the British Medical Journal that doctors have not been told what the nursing process is about. Paradoxically, the nursing process is in fact derived from the work of an American doctor, Lawrence Weed, who pioneered the ‘problem-oriented record’ for hospitals in 1969. This changed the way in which patient information was collected and stored by instituting one single record to which all health professionals given. Though the nursing process, which was part of this innovation, crossed the Atlantic to Britain, the problem-oriented record did not. Mitchell (1984) has argued that the medical profession must oppose the nursing process and give it a rough ride on the grounds that medical knowledge should precede nursing plans to remedy the deficiencies of living activities which are, he insists, consequential upon the cause and clinical course of disease. He also accuses nurses of enabling a pernicious dichotomy between ‘cure’ and ‘care’, relegating the doctor to disease and inspiring the nurse to the holistic care of the individual, and suspects that the nursing process is less a system of rationalizing the delivery of care than a means of elevating nurses’ status and securing autonomy from medical supremacy.

10 Things I Hate About You. Play and Movie

â€Å"I burn, I pine, I perish! † this is a quote from the movie â€Å"10 things I hate about you† and a play made by William Shakespeare called â€Å"Taming of the Shrew†. The movie â€Å"10 things I hate about you† was originated from a play from William Shakespeare called â€Å"Taming of the Shrew†. The director of the movie is Gil Junger. In â€Å"10 things I hate about you†, a new boy in school called Cameron falls in love with a girl called Bianca and tries to date her, but her father doesn’t allow Bianca to date anyone before Katherine, who is called a shrew because of her behaviors, does. Cameron persuades Joey to pay Patrick to date Katherine, so he can date Bianca. After some time, Patrick and Katherine fall in love with each other and Cameron makes out with Bianca in the end. The movie is an adaptation of the play and the author has changed to suit the audience, because the target audience of this movie is modern people, not people in Elizabethan English. To get audiences’ attention, it has used several filming techniques. There were lots of usages of filming techniques in the movie. For example, at the scene when Katherine was about to kiss Patrick, extreme close-up was applied to the scene in order to capture the emotion of the two characters. Also, Tracking is applied at the scene when Michael shows Joey around the school in order to involve the audience in the action and to show the environment. Both of these filming techniques were used in order to keep the audiences’ attention and to involve audiences into the scene in order to make the audiences feel the way that the director wants them to feel. In the movie, there were more techniques that were used. For most of the time in the movie, the colors that they have used are bright colors, such as pink, yellow. The lighting is usually bright, but in the scene where Bianca kisses Cameron, the lighting is very mild, like a moonlight, which has romantic connotation.

Taxi driver Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Taxi driver - Essay Example t probably not for me because he has psychological problems such as; unable to sleep some nights, swallowing some pills, he wants to drive a car at nights and nowhere in the movie that shows the Vietnam part or any proof other than his Jacket. He thus has just one jacket, which is not enough proof for me because he was also lying to his family, by sending letters without his addresses as well as the fact that he cannot say anything about his job; events that were enough for me to realize his lies as well as psychological problems, such that when I analyse him from this side I cannot be hundred percent sure Travis was a veteran. Throughout the movie Travis felt alone; trying to find an exit. In addition he was in love with Betsy and frequently went to talk with her in her office. Betsy accepted his invitation since Travis did well on his first talk but on the second night he brought her a pornographic movie, however after that night he never saw her again despite him calling her sever al times and sending flowers to her house, Betsy never came back since she understood they have different lives. Cybil Lynne Shepherd as Betsy though played for less time; played a role which was a changing point in the movie. Her powerful eye contacts with Travis showed that she is an independent and courageous volunteer. The way that Travis approached Betsy was very well portrayed in the movie. Travis as a casual taxi driver is not so much interested in the politics of the country. But the way people were changing made him to become violent and rise against the social problems. The director has clearly shown that the only way Travis used to kill his lonely and desperate hours was by watching pornography since he was suffering from chronic insomnia. This shows the exact social status standing at that period of time in America. Also the adulterous behavior of family members added more coal to the fire and these incidents coupled together to make him think about the bad ideas other than

Prominent causes for the ending of the cold war Assignment

Prominent causes for the ending of the cold war - Assignment Example The research paper investigates leading significant causes that led the end of the Cold War.The primary international relations theories, liberalism and realism, possess contrasting views about the major causes for the ending of the Cold War, ranging from the US’ dominant military power to the Gorbachev’s liberal policies. In reality, the economic stagnation of the Soviet economic in the late 1970s and early 1980s mainly caused the early end of the Cold War In the early 1980s, during the period of Reagan administration, the bitter rivalry reached to such a height that majority of political experts and international relations theorists claimed the possibility of nuclear war between the two superpowers in the nearest future. On contrary, with the unification of Germany in 1989 and the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, the Cold War between the global powers ended even before the end of the 20th century. Such a decisive and unusually peaceful end of the Cold War was a surprising outcome from the perspective of modern political science and international relations theories, triggering numerous studies, researches, and theories that speculated various factors and causes that might have led the end of the Cold War Leaderships of Ronald Reagan and Mikhail Gorbachev, democratic and liberal ideologies, and economic factors have all been given as reasons for the ending of the Cold War. In reality, the economic stagnation of the Soviet economic in the late 1970s and early 1980s mainly caused the early end of the Cold War.

Investment Plan Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Investment Plan - Assignment Example From this discussion it is clear that  as a young person and as a risk taker by nature, the reporter plan on pursuing an aggressive investment plan. He does not come from a rich background but he believes that the only way to get rich is to risk everything that one has and they are bound to get high rewards as a result. The author believes that he is a fairly patient person with the right mind set to wait for as long as it takes before he receives the rewards. In addition, since the reporter is soon going to be newly employed, he wants to start living on a budget that is entirely dependent on his gross pay rather than dipping into his savings. This means that he will not be relying on the investment money for his survival. The reporter will also supplement his retirement fund with monthly contributions from his salary.As the paper stresses as indicated before, as a young investor, his strategy is based on being aggressive, high risk and high rewards. Furthermore, due to his young a ge, negative market fluctuations in the next 40 years or so are bound to be cancelled out by the positive market fluctuations, leading to high rewards. The reporter's first investment strategy will be based on the conventional formula for finding the optimum target asset allocation meant for investing the $ 2,500 savings for his retirement fund. He might invest part (75%) of the money to purchase stock in Amazon Inc while the rest of the money will be invested in HICOX.

Hatian Revolution Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Hatian Revolution - Essay Example The army had fought great wars against the armies of Britain, Spain and France, defeating them all in a span of thirteen years. Like the American independence war and the French revolution several decades earlier, Haiti revolution had its basis on the principal of self-rule and termination of cruelty from white masters. The American war of independence was against subjugation by colonialists, with proponents claiming that no country was superior to the other. The principal concern was lack of representation in governments while the Americans were paying taxes to their German and Britain colonists, a practice that amounted to subjugation of their rights. The French revolution on the other hand was an extension of the self-rule principle from nation state relations to the domestic spheres. Their basic tenet was that all citizens in a state were superior to the state itself and that no man was superior to the other. Whereas these two revolutions form the basis for freedom fights, they b oth centred on rights and freedoms of white men only and did not extent to non-whites or to women. Ironically, the Haiti revolution was against slavery and misrule by French and American among other white countries including Spain and Britain. With large farmlands and other economic activities in their colonies, white rulers mistreated local residents and black slaves whom they forced to work under very demeaning conditions (Sara 45). Once a free independent nation, the urge to avenge against the French colonialists drove the new government under the rule of Dessalines to order a total elimination of all white French settlers on the island under the pretext that they posed security risk to the young nation. This venture spared Americans and other foreigners, but led to extermination of thousands of white Frenchmen, women and children. The extend of Dessalines’s ire towards former French settlers surfaced in his â€Å"liberty or death† proclamation where he described wh ite Frenchmen as insatiate blood suckers who had fattened themselves with the hard toils of Haitians. Dessalines destroyed a considerable size of the island’s population in unleashing revenge on the remaining white French settlers. Population estimates indicate that a third to half of the population had died or fled the island over the thirteen years of war while over a hundred thousand were permanently disabled (Sara 33). The revolution period also saw sugarcane plantations, mills, and irrigation works destroyed, burned out or abandoned. The large standing army also kept productive men out of the fields. Dessalines declaration that no Haitian soldier could work on the fields left the fields short of close to forty thousand productive workers. Further, after thirteen years of fighting, the habit of hard work had diminished among the Haitian population. Women who had previously worked as slaves on the field continued to fill that role after independence, contributing essential ly the bulk of Haiti’s productivity, since they constituted over two thirds of the population (Leyburn 77). They however too abandoned this form of manual labour, taking up small scale trading instead. Without devoted and willing labourers on the fields, Haiti’s productivity took a serious dip down the drain. It is estimated that between 1789 and 1801 sugarcane production declined by 80%, while coffee production declined to 30% compared to production before the revolution begun. With this kind of decline in major economic production sectors, the viability of the nation and its economic future were in great peril. Realising the need to improve the island’

Smoking Should Be Banned Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Smoking Should Be Banned - Research Paper Example But is it about making money or ensuring good health for everyone in the society? Human beings should be able to choose life and health than unnecessarily expensive addictions like smoking and that’s why smoking should be globally banned. The human population is categorized into smokers and non smokers. Smokers are known to infringe on the rights of non smokers in the society (Cunningham 14). Their open smoking in public places like playgrounds, parks and beaches triggers coughing or asthma attacks from the passive smoking by in non smokers. The stench that comes out of the lit cigarettes also makes the open air ridiculously unbearable. Smoking increases the chances of sudden infant death syndrome (Hanson, Venturelli and Fleckenstein 42).Sudden infant death is when there is an explained death of an infant usually between two and four months. Smokers however forget that smoke is in gaseous form and therefore easily reaches children whose lungs have not properly developed. Smoki ng leads to lung, mouth, larynx, ladder, liver and other common cancers. It is also known to be largest cause of cancer deaths. For these reasons, there should be a decree that prohibits smoking. Banning of smoking is the basic move to make to show respect for every human beings right to free movement, association and right to admission to public places (Hudson 19).with this they are easily able to move freely without being scared of inhaling smoke that have adverse effects on their health. Air pollution is one the effects of smoking globally, it is the governments initiative to ensure that smoking is banned to ensure a balanced ecosystem for every living organism, including the smokers themselves. â€Å"The release of dangerous chemicals into the environment by smokers is the best definition of a selfish move† (Hudson 27). If the government is able to bar smoking, it will prompt the smokers to slow down, cut back and probably quit smoking because it will be harder to smoke o n the rise of a smoking urge. It makes sense for people to stop smoking all together because it a financial and health benefit to them. Smoking evidently is an expensive addiction. The most addicted smokers use up to two packets of cigarette daily, which will round up to an average of forty cigarettes in a day. Clearly this is not a cheap addiction to venture in. Smoking helps you save the money and spend on vacation with your family or live larger. In any case, a Wisconsin-based study carried out in 2002, 16%of the light smokers do it for recreational reasons. This will be the first to bail out in case of a ban. In as much as smokers think banning smoking is an infringement on their liberty as citizens, and that the government should not dictate how they live especially with the hefty amount of taxes they pay, it still stands that making laws that disallow smoking is beneficial to the society in that it protects patron and staff at a work place. Most employees have picked up smoke related diseases from their work places, sometimes because their workmates smoke. There is no law that [protects such people and that is why smoking should be banned. Usually in such cases, the employer sucks the employee in question and hires a â€Å"smoke tolerant person† leading to unemployment and one more addition to baseless decision ever mad because nobody is smoke- effects –proof (Hanson et al 20). As vague is sometimes sounds to most smokers, the bother of ones hair and